4C brings together 12 academic partners from seven European countries, with the strongest expertise on global carbon cycle and climate system, both from the observational and modelling sides. The consortium includes research institutes and university-based partners, which are leading European process-parameterization developers in land and marine biogeochemistry, all working closely with physical model development scientists at each of the modelling centres. The strong involvement of European experts on land and atmospheric, land and ocean carbon observations, synthesis and use for process understanding, together with model developers will ensure a process-based ESM evaluation and improvement.

Partners:

1. Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC)

2. CICERO - Center for International Climate Research (CICERO)

3. Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

4. Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)

5. ETH Zurich

6. Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS)

7. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG)

8. University of Bern (UBERN)

9. University of Bremen (UBREMEN)

10. University of East Anglia (UEA)

11. University of Exeter (UNEXE)

12. University of Oxford (UOXF)